Shubham Agarwal was born in the city of Raigarh, Chattisgarh to a businessman who is a big cricket lover and wanted his son to become a cricketer. In pursuit of fulfilling his father's wish he shifted his base to Baroda for training with a season ball. He idolizes Shane Warne and Mahendra Singh Dhoni.

Agarwal is a leg-spinner who made his T20 debut for Chattisgarh against Uttar Pradesh at Jaipur in 2017 and his List A debut was against Jharkhand in Kolkata. He was scouted by Mohammad Kaif initially and he convinced the owners of Gujarat to buy him in the 2017 Indian T20 League auction.